• 최종편집 2026-04-01(수)

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  • [CH4] COP30 reports Challenges in Methane Reduction
    Belém, Brazil, 17 November 2025 — The Global Methane Status Report, launched today on the sidelines of COP30 in Belém, shows that while considerable progress has been made since the launch of the Global Methane Pledge in 2021, more work is required to align with the level of ambition and action needed to meet the Pledge. Produced by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), the Global Methane Status Report provides a comprehensive assessment of progress and remaining gaps in efforts to cut methane - a potent greenhouse gas responsible for nearly a third of current warming. The report shows that although methane emissions are still rising, projected 2030 emissions under current legislation are already lower than earlier forecasts due to a mix of national policies, sectoral regulations, and market shifts. However, the report warns that only full-scale implementation of proven and available control measures will close the gap to the Global Methane Pledge’s target of a 30% cut from 2020 levels by 2030. Urging decisive methane action to deliver the Global Methane Pledge, ministers attending the Global Methane Pledge Ministerial stressed that the policies, technologies, and partnerships needed to meet the target are available but require rapid scale-up across the energy, agriculture, and waste sectors. Ministers also called for increased transparency from countries on ambition and action to track progress. The Global Methane Status Report offers the clearest picture yet of progress since the Pledge was launched, finding that: ○ Emissions are rising, but the outlook is improving: Global methane emissions are still increasing, but new waste regulations in Europe and North America and slower growth in natural gas markets between 2020 and 2024 have lowered current projected levels and are expected to reduce further by 2030 under current legislation compared with 2021 forecasts. ○ National action has the potential to deliver historic progress: Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and national Methane Action Plans submitted by mid-2025 could translate into an 8% cut by 2030 below 2020 levels. If fully implemented, this would be the largest and most sustained decline in methane emissions in history. ○ Meeting the 2030 Global Methane Pledge target requires raising ambition – quickly: Yet, to reduce emissions 30% by 2030, below 2020 levels, full implementation of maximum technically feasible reductions globally is needed. ○ Solutions are ready and cost-effective: Proven measures across emitting sectors need to be scaled up, such as leak detection and repair programmes, plugging of abandoned wells in the oil and gas sector, water management measures for rice cultivation, or source separation and treatment of organic waste in the agriculture and waste sector. Over 80% of 2030 emissions reduction potential can be achieved at low cost. Measures in the energy sector offer 72% of the overall mitigation potential, followed by waste (18%) and agriculture (10%). ○ Benefits far outweigh the costs: Full implementation of these technically feasible reductions globally could prevent over 180,000 premature deaths and 19 million tonnes of crop losses each year by 2030. All fossil fuel mitigation could be deployed at just 2% of the sector’s 2023 income. ○ Major economies and better data are key: Seventy-two percent of global methane mitigation potential lies in G20+ countries, where emissions could fall by 36% by 2030 compared to 2020 levels by mitigating methane in agriculture, waste, and fossil fuel sectors. Stronger measurement, reporting, and finance are essential to track progress, target major sources, and close the investment gap. Julie Dabrusin, Canada’s Minister of Environment and Climate Change and Co-Convener of the Global Methane Pledge, said: “This report is a crucial assessment of our progress and a key indicator of the work that’s required to meet the Global Methane Pledge goal. In just four years, we have made improvements, but we must continue to drive faster, deeper methane cuts. Every tonne reduced brings us closer to cleaner air, more resilient communities, and a thriving global economy. It is important for all countries that have agreed to the Global Methane Pledge to continue to work closely together to drive momentum on methane mitigation, turning ambition into tangible benefits for the planet.” Dan Jørgensen, European Commissioner for Energy and Housing, said: “The Global Methane Pledge has transformed ambition into tangible progress. Across sectors and continents, countries and companies are proving that methane reductions are achievable - and deliver cleaner air, stronger economies, and a safer climate. Our task now is to scale these solutions rapidly, working together to keep 1.5°C within reach and secure a healthier future for our people and our planet.” Inger Andersen, Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Executive Director of UNEP, said: “Reducing methane emissions is one of the most immediate and effective steps we can take to slow the climate crisis while protecting human health. Reducing methane also reduces crop losses, essential for both agriculture productivity and food security. UNEP is committed to helping countries turn ambition into action to ensure the solutions in this report deliver real benefits for people and the planet.” The choices made in the next five years will determine whether the world seizes this opportunity, unlocking cleaner air, stronger economies, and a safer climate for generations to come.
    • 기후
    2025-11-19
  • [NetZero] Philip Morris updates Plan to Achieve Net Zero by 2040
    Philip Morris International Inc. (PMI) (NYSE: PM) today announced the release of its second Climate Transition Plan (CTP 2025), presenting an updated and integrated strategy to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across its value chain by 2040. The new plan reflects PMI’s continued commitment to a low-carbon future while aligning with science, regulatory frameworks, and stakeholder expectations, and builds on its 2021 Low-Carbon Transition Plan. Further, building on its 2022 Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) report, the CTP 2025 details the results of a comprehensive climate change risks and opportunities (CCRO) assessment PMI conducted in 2024. “This Climate Transition Plan reinforces our commitment to sustainability as a fundamental business driver at PMI—one that is integrated, performance-based, and economically grounded,” said Jacek Olczak, Chief Executive Officer. “By focusing on material climate risks and opportunities, implementing cost-effective interventions, and maintaining robust disclosure practices, we are strengthening PMI’s ability to deliver sustained, long-term value.” Looking toward 2030, CTP 2025 outlines PMI’s key levers for driving decarbonization and resilience: · Direct operations (scope 1+2): Energy efficiency initiatives, transition to renewable energy, and low-carbon fleet. · Broader value chain (scope 3): Nature-based solutions, supplier engagement, sustainability by design, and logistics optimization. “Our focus is on building resilience while managing climate-related risks through both mitigation and adaptation measures. This integrated approach allows us to mitigate our environmental impact, adapt our operations to climate realities, and unlock new sources of value across our supply chain,” said Scott Coutts, Senior Vice President, Operations. “This is not just about reducing our own emissions—it is about leveraging our position to catalyze broader decarbonization.” PMI remains on track to achieve carbon neutrality for its direct operations (scope 1+2) by year-end 2025. PMI highlighted near- and long-term science-based targets, revalidated by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), using a 2019 baseline. By 2040, the company targets to achieve a: ·72% reduction in scope 3 Forest, Land, and Agriculture (FLAG) GHG emissions ·90% reduction in scope 1+2+3 industrial GHG emissions ·Net-zero GHG emissions in our value chain (scope 1+2+3) By 2030, PMI targets to achieve a: ·50% reduction in absolute scope 1+2 GHG emissions ·33.3% reduction in scope 3 FLAG GHG emissions ·27.5% reduction in scope 3 industrial GHG emissions “By pioneering solutions that address climate challenges while at the same time unlocking new market opportunities, we are demonstrating that environmental leadership and business excellence are not competing priorities. The innovations we develop, the partnerships we forge, and the standards we champion will shape a more resilient and prosperous business,” said Jennifer Motles, Chief Sustainability Officer. “This is our commitment: to lead boldly at the intersection of purpose and profit, striving to create the most value for shareholders, society, and our shared environment.” The CTP was prepared following the guidance of the Transition Plan Taskforce (TPT) Disclosure Framework and integrating PMI’s response to the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). It provides an update to both PMI’s Low-Carbon Transition Plan issued in 2021 and the company’s 2022 TCFD Report. It also features an index referencing the applicable requirements of IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures. For more information, please visit www.pmi.com/sustainability or download PMI's full Climate Transition Plan 2025. Progress updates are provided annually in PMI’s Integrated Report.
    • Business
    • 기업
    2025-11-05
  • [Plastic] The Ocean Cleanup X AWS – AI to accelerate ocean plastic removal
    New York – July 15, 2025– The Ocean Cleanup, a non-profit organization dedicated to ridding the world’s oceans and rivers of plastic pollution, today announced a collaboration with Amazon Web Services, Inc. (AWS), an Amazon.com, Inc. company (NASDAQ: AMZN). This collaboration will leverage AWS’s advanced artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cloud computing capabilities to enable and accelerate The Ocean Cleanup’s goal to clean the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) and remove 90% of floating ocean plastic by 2040. Recent research by The Ocean Cleanup found that the GPGP is impeding the ocean’s ability to help regulate the climate while also being harmful to marine life. Extracting plastic debris is essential to protect marine ecosystems, preserve biodiversity, and prevent its disintegration into microplastics that enter the food chain. The Ocean Cleanup has already removed 64 million pounds of marine trash worldwide but faces an enormous challenge in finding and extracting the dispersed plastic fragments that continue to pollute our oceans. AWS’s AI-powered detection systems and comprehensive cloud infrastructure will accelerate and scale this effort by enabling precise tracking of plastic accumulation and predictive modeling of debris movement. This will enable more optimized resource management and operational efficiency—significantly enhancing The Ocean Cleanup’s ability to detect, track, and remove ocean plastic while simultaneously protecting marine life. As these initiatives progress, The Ocean Cleanup, AWS, and Amazon anticipate uncovering new opportunities to deepen their collaborative approach to environmental challenges. “Plastic pollution represents one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time, and The Ocean Cleanup’s mission is vital for the health of our planet,” said Dr. Werner Vogels, CTO of Amazon.com. “This collaboration demonstrates how advanced cloud computing and AI can serve as powerful tools for environmental stewardship, not only transforming oceanic data into actionable insights but also creating a blueprint for how technology can address critical environmental challenges across the globe.” To overcome the enormous scale and complexity of ocean plastic pollution, the collaboration will focus on two mission-critical initiatives that address current technological limitations and challenges by: 1. Developing a New AI-Powered System for Enhanced Ocean Plastic Detection and Tracking: Through the development and implementation of an advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning platform, The Ocean Cleanup will be able to more effectively identify, track, and predict ocean plastic accumulation. Initially, this initiative will focus on developing “hotspot hunting” capabilities for the GPGP—where floating plastic is unevenly dispersed across the ocean surface like a thin soup. AWS will provide a range of technologies from IoT, satellite, and edge computing to deploying drones and ruggedized flotation devices to precisely track plastic accumulation. By leveraging high-performance computing for advanced data modelling, AWS will support The Ocean Cleanup in the creation of a “plastic navigation” system that predicts debris movement and optimizes cleanup operations. The solution will integrate data from multiple sources including open data mechanisms and The Ocean Cleanup’s data models, allowing ships to be steered toward optimal collection areas based on near-real-time measurements. 2. Implementing a Cloud-Based Infrastructure for Marine Life Protection: Through the creation of new AI-driven technologies, AWS will help The Ocean Cleanup further improve their marine life detection systems. Additionally, this automated capability will reduce The Ocean Cleanup’s need for Protected Species Observers, individuals who provide continuous cleanup monitoring 24 hours a day. This will help to reduce costs and allow even more resources to be directed to plastic extraction. Success for this collaboration will be measured in plastic removed from the world’s oceans and rivers. By equipping The Ocean Cleanup with AWS’s AI-powered detection systems and cloud infrastructure, the efficiency and effectiveness of worldwide plastic cleanup operations will be significantly increased. Together, AWS and The Ocean Cleanup are not only accelerating ocean cleanup, but they also are demonstrating a model for how technology can be developed and deployed to protect the planet’s most vital ecosystems. The Ocean Cleanup is a nonprofit organization that develops and scales technologies to rid the oceans of plastic. By conducting extensive research, engineering scalable solutions, and partnering with governments, industry, and like-minded organizations, The Ocean Cleanup is working to stop plastic inflow via rivers and remove legacy plastic already polluting the oceans. As of June 2025, the non-profit has collected over 29 million kilograms (63.9 million pounds) of trash from aquatic ecosystems around the world. Founded in 2013 by Boyan Slat, The Ocean Cleanup now employs a multi-disciplined team of approximately 200 people. The organization is headquartered in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, with international operations in 10 countries.
    • World
    2025-08-27
  • [Battery] Energy Dome-Google, carbon-free energy partnership
    Energy Dome, a pioneering company setting the benchmark for long-duration energy storage, has announced a global commercial partnership with Google using Energy Dome’s CO2 Battery technology to enable carbon-free energy for the grids that power Google’s operations. Alongside the commercial agreement, Google has made a strategic investment in Energy Dome. Why Energy Dome and Google are partnering Energy Dome is at the forefront of redefining long-duration energy storage with its CO2 Battery. The properties of carbon dioxide allow the system to store energy efficiently and cost-effectively through a patented thermo-mechanical process, hence representing the most valid alternative to lithium-ion batteries or pumped-hydro solutions. The CO2 Battery is already a fully validated and cost-effective system that uses no lithium or rare-earth elements to store electricity, boasting superior round-trip efficiency. With a modular approach and site-independent footprint, CO2 Batteries use readily available, off-the-shelf components from reliable, existing supply chains, providing a scalable pathway to store massive amounts of intermittent renewable energy and accelerate the energy transition; it’s the only technology available today offering the right combination of efficiency, cost, scalability and that’s viable globally. For more information, please visit energydome.com. Electricity is key to modern life and prosperity. This is increasingly relevant as the energy system is electrified, and economic growth drives new electricity demand, including from computational needs of artificial intelligence and data centers. Solar and wind are amongst the most cost-effective and rapid ways of delivering capacity to the grid, but are inflexible due to their inherent intermittency. Long-duration energy storage resolves this flexibility constraint by storing solar and wind energy and dispatching it later when needed. For energy users such as Google, this technology enables “firm” electricity to meet demand in a reliable, clean, and cost-effective way. Google’s first commercial long-duration energy storage deal is part of a growing portfolio of advanced energy technologies needed to realize its ambition to run its operations on 24/7 carbon-free energy by 2030. The selection of Energy Dome’s proven and market-ready CO2 Battery technology reflects its ability to be deployed at the scale, speed and affordability required on a global basis. The CO2 Battery is capable of continuously dispatching energy for periods of 8 to 24 hours, unlocking enough firm electricity to meet both the baseload and flexibility requirements of large energy users. The modular, site-independent product design uses off-the-shelf equipment without supply chain bottlenecks, ensuring a highly scalable solution to store massive amounts of energy efficiently and cost-effectively. Furthermore, the mechanical components of the technology help stabilize the grid by providing natural inertia from rotating machinery. This is especially important given the concurrent ramp-up of solar and wind (which lack inertia) with the ramp-down of legacy fossil-fuel power stations, whose inertia is lost when the plants are decommissioned. The CO2 Battery thus contributes to maintaining grid resiliency by acting as a shock absorber to smooth out sudden changes in frequency. “Google is committed to powering our operations with clean energy, and Energy Dome's technologically proven and scalable long-duration energy storage solution can help us unlock rapid progress,” said Maud Texier, Director of EMEA Energy at Google. “But this isn’t just about Google. By helping to scale this first-of-a-kind LDES technology, we hope to help communities everywhere gain greater access to reliable, affordable electricity and support grid resilience as we integrate more renewable energy sources.” The commercial agreement aims to develop CO2 Battery projects in all the key geographical strategic areas, including Europe, America, and the Asia-Pacific region, with the goal of scaling up deployment at a rapid pace to meet Google’s 2030 carbon-free energy goals. A pipeline of sites and projects has been identified in the partnership, which are currently in development and contracting stages. “The programmatic and strategic deployment of our technology at scale to help Google reach carbon-free energy represents the core of our industry-first agreement. We’re proving that a 24/7 cost-effective and carbon-free energy supply is achievable with the right technology and partnership model,” said Claudio Spadacini, Founder and CEO of Energy Dome. “We are also pleased to welcome Google as an investor in Energy Dome, underlining our joint commitment to a shared vision.” Investment Alongside Commercial Alliance Beyond the commercial collaboration, Google has also made an investment in Energy Dome. The investment coincides with the company entering a growth phase of commercial deployment, and multiple projects already contracted, including with Alliant Energy in the U.S. , Engie in Italy , and NTPC in India. By investing directly in the Milan-based scaleup, Google is reinforcing its long-term commitment to accelerating the commercialization of this proven technology. As a pioneer in the first generation of corporate power purchase agreements when solar and wind were in their infancy, Google brings both the customer perspective and experience to enhance the maturation and commercial scaling of CO2 Battery technology, unlocking adoption benefits for communities and economies. NTPC Awards state-of-art ‘Long Duration Electrical Energy Storage’ Project to Triveni Turbine with Energy Dome’s innovative CO2 Battery technology NTPC Ltd., India’s largest integrated power generation company, has announced the launch of its first CO2 battery energy storage project – a significant milestone in its journey towards sustainable and innovative energy solutions. The project shall be executed on a Turnkey basis by M/s. Triveni Turbine Limited along with their technology partner M/s. Energy Dome. The plant will be set up in NTPC Kudgi plant premises with a capacity of 160MWhr and represents an important step in NTPC’s broader strategy to diversify its energy portfolio and increase the share of renewable power generation in its total capacity. The adoption of CO2 Battery is well aligned with the Government of India initiative of ‘Make in India’ and ‘Atmanirbhar’ policies, providing significant opportunities for the existing industrial supply chain in India, not only for domestic CO2 Battery projects but potentially also for global export markets.
    • World
    2025-07-29
  • [CCS] SLB Awarded Carbon Storage Contract for Northern Endurance Project in UK
    Global energy technology company SLB (NYSE: SLB) has been awarded a technologies and services contract for carbon storage site development in the North Sea by the Northern Endurance Partnership (NEP) , an incorporated joint venture between bp, Equinor and TotalEnergies. NEP is developing onshore and offshore infrastructure needed to transport CO2 from carbon capture projects across Teesside and the Humber — collectively known as the East Coast Cluster — to secure storage under the North Sea. SLB will deploy its Sequestri™ carbon storage solutions portfolio — which includes technologies specifically engineered and qualified for the development of carbon storage sites — to construct six carbon storage wells. The project scope includes drilling, measurement, cementing, fluids, completions, wireline and pumping services. “Technologies and services tailored for carbon storage will play a critical role in shifting the economics and safeguarding the integrity of carbon storage projects before and after the FID,” said Katherine Rojas, senior vice president of Industrial Decarbonization, SLB. “We are excited to be a part of this groundbreaking CCS project in the UK, leveraging the proven carbon storage technologies in our Sequestri portfolio and our extensive expertise delivering complex CCS projects around the world.” The NEP infrastructure is crucial to achieving net zero in the UK’s most carbon intensive industrial regions. NEP, via the Endurance saline aquifer and adjacent stores, has access to up to 1 billion metric tons of CO2 storage capacity. The infrastructure will transport and permanently store up to an initial 4 million metric tons of CO2 per year with start-up expected in 2028.
    • 탄소
    • 흡수·제거
    • CCUS
    2025-07-24
  • [AWS] Amazon, 칠레 AWS infrastructure Region 개설
    아마존(Amazon)(나스닥: AMZN)은 2026년 말까지 칠레에 아마존 웹 서비스(AWS) 인프라 리전(Amazon Web Services infrastructure Region)을 개설할 계획이라고 발표했다. 새로운 AWS 남미(칠레) 리전은 개발자, 스타트업, 기업가, 대기업은 물론 금융 서비스, 소매, 교육, 정부 및 비영리 단체에게 칠레에 위치한 데이터 센터에서 애플리케이션을 실행하고 최종 사용자에게 서비스를 제공하기 위한 더 많은 선택권을 제공할 예정이다. 장기적인 노력의 일환으로 아마존은 칠레에 40억달러 이상을 투자하여 칠레 내 데이터 센터의 건설, 연결, 운영 및 유지 관리를 지원할 계획이다. AWS 글로벌 인프라에 대한 자세한 내용은 aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure에서 확인할 수 있다. · AWS 남미(칠레) 리전은 출시 시 3개의 가용 영역(Availability Zones)으로 구성되며, 전 세계 36개 AWS 리전의 기존 114개 가용 영역에 추가될 예정이다. · 오늘 발표를 포함해 AWS는 칠레, 뉴질랜드, 사우디아라비아, 대만, AWS 유럽 소버린 클라우드에 16개의 가용 영역과 5개의 AWS 리전을 추가할 계획이다. · 칠레의 AWS 리전은 AWS 클라우드가 초창기부터 그랬듯이 주권형으로 설계(sovereign-by-design)된다. · AWS는 분석, 컴퓨팅, 데이터베이스, IoT, 생성 AI, 머신러닝, 모바일 서비스, 스토리지 및 기타 클라우드 기술을 포함하여 가장 광범위하고 심층적인 서비스 포트폴리오를 제공한다. · 라틴 아메리카 전역의 클라우드 도입 성장을 지원하기 위해 아마존은 칠레의 학생, 현지 개발자 및 기술 전문가, 비기술 전문가, 차세대 IT 리더의 기술 역량 강화에 지속적으로 투자하면서, AWS 아카데미(AWS Academy) , AWS 에듀케이트(AWS Educate) 및 AWS 스킬 빌더(AWS Skill Builder) 등의 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 2017년부터 아마존은 칠레의 10만 명 이상을 포함하여 라틴 아메리카 전역에서 200만 명 이상에게 클라우드 기술을 교육했다. · 디지털 기술 개발에 기여하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, AWS는 칠레의 새로운 AWS 리전을 운영하고 지원할 현지 인력을 추가로 고용하고 개발할 예정이다. · 워크로드 실행을 위해 AWS를 선택한 칠레의 조직에는 아그로슈퍼(AgroSuper), 안드레스 베요 대학교(Andres Bello University), 방코 데 칠레(Banco de Chile), 방코 이타우(Banco Itaú), 방코에스타도(BancoEstado), BCI 마하(BCI Mach), 센코수드(Cencosud), 코카콜라 안디나(Coca-Cola Andina), 쿠페우치(Coopeuch), 코펙(Copec), 데이터 옵저버토리(Data Observatory), 펨사 살루드(Femsa Salud), 라탐 항공(LATAM Airlines), 살코브랜드(Salcobrand), 트랜스뱅크(Transbank) 등이 있다. · 칠레의 AWS 파트너로는 딜로이트(Deloitte), 액센츄어(Accenture), NTT, 클라우드헤시브(CloudHesive), 소프트웨어원(SoftwareOne), 아르코(Arkho) 등이 있다. AWS 파트너 전체 목록은 aws.amazon.com/partners에서 확인할 수 있다. · 아마존은 보다 지속 가능한 기업이 되기 위해 최선을 다하고 있으며 기후서약의 일환으로 2040년까지 사업장 전체에서 탄소 배출량 넷제로 달성에 매진하고 있다. 아마존은 기후서약을 공동 설립하고 2019년에 첫 번째 서명자가 되었다. · AWS 남미(칠레) 리전은 대부분 공랭식(air-cooled)으로 구축되었다. AWS 추산에 따르면 1년 중 약 4%만 냉각 시스템에 물이 사용되며, 출시할 때 리전의 평균 물 사용량은 칠레 가정 두 곳에서 연간 사용하는 평균 물 사용량보다 적을 것으로 예상된다. ▶ 아마존의 대 칠레 투자 곧 출시될 AWS 남미(칠레) 리전은 고객에게 첨단 보안 클라우드 기술을 제공하기 위해 아마존이 칠레에 투자한 최신 사례이다. · 2019년에 AWS는 칠레에 아마존 클라우드프론트(Amazon CloudFront) 엣지 로케이션을 출시했다. 아마존 클라우드프론트는 매우 안전하고 프로그래밍이 가능한 콘텐츠 전송 네트워크로, 짧은 지연 시간과 빠른 전송 속도를 통해 전 세계 사용자에게 데이터, 동영상, 애플리케이션, API를 빠르게 전송한다. · 2021년에 AWS는 푼타 아레나스에 AWS 그라운드 스테이션(AWS Ground Station)안테나 로케이션을 출시했다. AWS 그라운드 스테이션은 고객이 위성 통신을 제어하고, 위성 데이터와 우주 워크로드를 더 빈번하게 처리하며, 위성 운영을 전 세계적으로 확장할 수 있도록 지원하는 완전 관리형 서비스이다. · 2021년에 AWS는 칠레에 AWS 아웃포스트(AWS Outposts)를 출시했다. AWS 아웃포스트는 AWS 인프라를 고객 온프레미스로 확장하는 완전 관리형 서비스이다. AWS 아웃포스트는 AWS 관리형 인프라에 대한 로컬 액세스를 제공하여 고객이 AWS 리전에서와 동일한 프로그래밍 인터페이스를 사용하여 온프레미스에서 애플리케이션을 구축 및 실행하고, 진정으로 일관된 하이브리드 환경을 구현할 수 있도록 지원한다. · 2023년 AWS는 칠레에 AWS 다이렉트 커넥트(AWS Direct Connect) 로케이션을 구축하여 고객이 AWS와 데이터 센터, 사무실 또는 코로케이션 환경 간에 프라이빗 연결을 설정하도록 지원한다. · 2023년 AWS는 칠레에서 인프라를 확장하기 위해 산티아고에 AWS 로컬 존(AWS Local Zones) 로케이션을 출시했다. AWS 로컬 존은 AWS 인프라 배포의 한 유형으로, 컴퓨팅, 스토리지, 데이터베이스 및 기타 엄선된 서비스를 대규모 인구, 산업 및 IT 센터와 더 가까이 배치하여, 고객이 최종 사용자에게 한 자리 수 밀리초의 지연 시간이 요구되는 애플리케이션을 제공하도록 지원한다. ▶ 안전하고 안정적이며 에너지 효율적인 클라우드 인프라 가용 영역(Availability Zones) 간의 거리는 고객의 비즈니스 연속성을 지원할 수 있을 만큼 충분할 멀지만, 여러 가용 영역을 사용하는 고가용성 애플리케이션에 낮은 지연 시간을 제공할 만큼 충분히 가깝게 배치된다. 각 가용 영역은 독립적인 전원, 냉각 및 물리적 보안을 갖추고 있으며, 이중화된 초저지연 네트워크를 통해 연결된다. 따라서 고가용성에 중점을 둔 AWS 고객은 여러 가용 영역에서 실행하도록 애플리케이션을 설계하여 훨씬 더 높은 내결함성을 달성할 수 있다. AWS는 데이터 센터의 에너지 효율을 높이기 위한 방법을 지속적으로 연구하여 데이터 센터 설계 최적화, 특수 전용 칩에 대한 투자, 새로운 냉각 기술의 혁신 등을 추진하고 있다. AWS가 의뢰하여 액센츄어(Accenture)가 작성한 보고서 에 따르면 AWS 인프라는 온프레미스보다 효율성이 최대 4.1배 더 높고, 워크로드를 AWS에서 최적화할 경우 관련 탄소 배출량을 최대 99%까지 줄일 수 있다. AWS의 지속 가능성 노력에 대한 자세한 내용은 aws.amazon.com/about-aws/sustainability에서 확인할 수 있다. AWS 남미(칠레) 리전은 데이터 상주 선호도나 요구 사항이 있는 고객이 칠레에 콘텐츠를 안전하게 저장하고, 지연 시간을 크게 단축하며, 라틴 아메리카 전역의 클라우드 서비스 수요를 충족하도록 지원할 예정이다. 스타트업부터 대기업, 정부기관 및 비영리 단체에 이르기까지 다양한 고객이 세계를 선도하는 클라우드 제공업체의 첨단 기술을 사용해 혁신을 주도하고 비용을 절감하며 혁신을 가속할 수 있게 된다.
    • 탄소
    • 산업
    • IT
    2025-05-11
  • [Ship] IMO Tightens CO2 Emissions for Ships at MEPC 83
    The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has achieved another important step towards establishing a legally binding framework to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships globally, aiming for net-zero emissions by or around, i.e close to 2050.  The IMO Net-zero Framework is the first in the world to combine mandatory emissions limits and GHG pricing across an entire industry sector.  Approved by the Marine Environment Protection Committee during its 83rd session (MEPC 83) from 7–11 April 2025, the measures include a new fuel standard for ships and a global pricing mechanism for emissions. These measures, set to be formally adopted in October 2025 before entry into force in 2027, will become mandatory for large ocean-going ships over 5,000 gross tonnage, which emit 85% of the total CO2 emissions from international shipping.  Closing the meeting, IMO Secretary-General Mr. Arsenio Dominguez commended the spirit of cooperation and commitment demonstrated by Member States this week. He stated: “The approval of draft amendments to MARPOL Annex VI mandating the IMO net-zero framework represents another significant step in our collective efforts to combat climate change, to modernize shipping and demonstrates that IMO delivers on its commitments. “Now, it is important to continue working together, engaging in dialogue and listening to one another, if we are to create the conditions for successful adoption.” Key elements of the IMO Net-Zero Framework The IMO Net-Zero Framework will be included in a new Chapter 5 of Annex VI (Prevention of air pollution from ships) to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). MARPOL Annex VI currently has 108 Parties, covering 97% of the world’s merchant shipping fleet by tonnage, and already includes mandatory energy efficiency requirements for ships. The goal is to achieve the climate targets set out in the 2023 IMO Strategy on the Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, accelerate the introduction of zero and near zero GHG fuels, technologies and energy sources, and support a just and equitable transition.  Under the draft regulations, ships will be required to comply with: 1. Global fuel standard: Ships must reduce, over time, their annual greenhouse gas fuel intensity (GFI) – that is, how much GHG is emitted for each unit of energy used. This is calculated using a well-to-wake approach.  2. Global economic measure: Ships emitting above GFI thresholds will have to acquire remedial units to balance its deficit emissions, while those using zero or near-zero GHG technologies will be eligible for financial rewards.  Ensuring compliance There will be two levels of compliance with GHG Fuel Intensity targets: a Base Target and a Direct Compliance Target at which ships would be eligible to earn “surplus units”.  Ships that emit above the set thresholds can balance their emissions deficit by: Transferring surplus units from other ships;  Using surplus units they have already banked; Using remedial units acquired through contributions to the IMO Net-Zero Fund.  IMO Net-Zero Fund The IMO Net-Zero Fund will be established to collect pricing contributions from emissions. These revenues will then be disbursed to:  Reward low-emission ships;  Support innovation, research, infrastructure and just transition initiatives in developing countries; Fund training, technology transfer and capacity building to support the IMO GHG Strategy; and Mitigate negative impacts on vulnerable States, such as Small Island Developing States and Least Developed Countries. Next steps Upon approval, the draft amendments to MARPOL Annex VI will be formally circulated to IMO Member States, followed by: October 2025 (MEPC/ES.2): Adoption of the amendments during an extraordinary session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee.   Spring 2026 (MEPC 84): Approval of detailed implementation guidelines.  2027: Expected entry into force, 16 months after adoption (in accordance with MARPOL articles).  Other MEPC 83 outcomes The meeting discussed a range of issues related to protecting the marine environment from shipping activities, with the following key outcomes: ○ Adoption of 2025 Action Plan to combat marine plastic litter;  ○ Progress in the review of the Ballast Water Management Convention; ○ Approval of a proposal to designate the North-East Atlantic as an Emission Control Area and agreement in principle to designate two new Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas off South America’s Pacific coast; ○ Approval of the draft Work plan on the development of a regulatory framework for the use of Onboard Carbon Capture Storage systems (OCCS) ○ Approval of draft amendments to regulation 27 of MARPOL Annex VI regarding accessibility of the IMO Data Collection System ○ Adoption of amendments to the 2021 Guidelines on the operational carbon intensity reduction factors relative to reference lines (CII reduction factors guidelines, G3) ○ Approval of a new output to develop a legally binding framework on biofouling management, to prevent the spread of harmful invasive aquatic species
    • World
    2025-04-17
  • [WMO] State of the Global Climate 2024
    ▷ Key climate change indicators again reach record levels ▷ Long-term warming (averaged over decades) remains below 1.5°C ▷ Sea-level rise and ocean warming irreversible for hundreds of years ▷ Record greenhouse gas concentrations combined with El Niño and other factors to drive 2024 record heat ▷ Early warnings and climate services are vital to protect communities and economies The clear signs of human-induced climate change reached new heights in 2024, which was likely the first calendar year to be more than 1.5°C above the pre-industrial era, with a global mean near-surface temperature of 1.55 ± 0.13 °C above the 1850-1900 average. This is the warmest year in the 175-year observational record. The State of the Global Climate 2024 report underlined the massive economic and social upheavals from extreme weather and the long-term impacts of record ocean heat and sea-level rise. Featured articles explore progress towards the Paris Agreement goals and the drivers behind 2024’s record heat. Supplementary reports detail climate services and major events, including floods, droughts, tropical cyclones and wildfires, underscoring the urgent need for stronger early warning systems and investment in climate services to protect lives and livelihoods. 세계기상기구(WMO)가 2025년 3월 19일 ‘전 지구 기후 현황 보고서’를 통해 2024년 전 지구 온도가 산업화 이전(1850~1900년)보다 1.55도가 올라 175년 관측 사상 최고치를 기록했다고 밝혔다. 2015년 파리협약을 통해 전지구 평균 기온 상승 폭 2도 아래로 유지하고, 1.5도 이하로 제한한다는 제한선을 넘은 것이다. 주요 온실가스인 이산화탄소·메탄·아산화질소의 작년 농도는 지난 80만년 중 가장 높은 수치로 나타났다. 바닷속 열에너지 총량인 ‘해양 열량’은 2017년부터 작년까지 매년 역대 최고치를 경신했다. 북극 해빙과 남극 해빙의 면적은 각각 지난 18년간과 3년간 역대 최저치를 기록했다. 해수면은 2015년부터 지난해까지 10년 동안 연평균 4.7㎜씩 높아졌다.
    • 기후
    2025-03-27
  • [Circular] Loop Industries-Hyosung-Pleatsmama Collaborate Circular Fashion
    MONTREAL, QC/ACCESSWIRE/FEBRUARY 23rd, 2025 — Loop Industries, Inc. (Nasdaq: LOOP) (“Loop”), a clean technology company dedicated to accelerating circular fashion economy by manufacturing 100% recycled polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”) plastic and textile-to-textile polyester fiber (“T2T”), today announced a three-way collaboration with Hyosung TNC (“Hyosung”), a complete sustainable textile solutions provider, and Pleatsmama, a sustainable fashion brand, to produce 100% recycled drawn textured yarn used in limited-edition handbags. The yarn was manufactured using virgin-quality Loop’s polyester produced through the Infinite Loop™ textile-to-textile recycling technology, utilizing low-value mixed polyester textile waste as feedstock. Loop Industries supplied 100% recycled, virgin-quality Polyester chips derived from low-value textile waste. Hyosung TNC transformed Loop Polyester chips into high-performance drawn textured yarn. Pleatsmama crafted stylish, eco-friendly handbags emphasizing circular design principles. Hyosung leveraged its expertise in advanced materials to spin the yarn, ensuring premium quality and performance, while Pleatsmama transformed the yarn into stylish, sustainable handbags. This collaboration highlights the potential of circular fashion and innovative recycling technologies to drive sustainability across industries. Loop’s T2T polyester fiber is recognized for its virgin-quality properties, seamlessly integrating into existing supply chains and manufacturing processes without compromising on quality or aesthetics. The polyester also delivers significant environmental benefits, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80% and requiring up to 91% less non-renewable primary energy compared to virgin polyester production from fossil fuels1. Polyester, the most widely used fiber globally, accounts for approximately half of the textile market, an estimated 71 million metric tons in 2023. This presents a significant challenge, as polyester fiber waste is not suitable for traditional mechanical recycling methods and often ends up in landfills or is incinerated. The Infinite Loop™ technology provides a solution by recycling even the lowest-value polyester waste, regardless of color or material composition, into 100% recycled virgin-quality Polyester . This closed-loop approach offers a sustainable alternative for the textile industry, addressing the growing issue of textile waste while maintaining exceptional quality and performance. “Teaming with Loop Industries and our brand partner, Pleatsmama, marks a significant milestone in our efforts to support our customers in achieving their sustainability objectives and expanding solutions that benefit both current and future generations,” said Chihyung Kim, CEO of Hyosung TNC. “We admire Loop for its high quality and its capacity to divert textile waste from landfills and incineration, while reducing the reliance on virgin polyester by minimizing raw material extraction.” “The collaboration with industry leaders such as Hyosung & Pleatsmama demonstrates the potential of our Infinite Loop™ technology to transition from linear to circular fashion,” said Giovanni Catino, Vice President of Sales and Business Development of Loop. “By converting low-value mixed polyester textile waste into virgin-quality polyester, we’re not only tackling the pressing issue of textile waste but also enabling brands to deliver premium products with a closed-loop solution that meets both quality and environmental standards.” 1Life Cycle Assessment of Loop GEN II Infinite Loop France done by Franklin Associates, a division of ERG, compares kg for kg Loop PET vs. Virgin PET. CO2 savings are compared to the production of virgin PET made from fossil fuels and the avoided incineration of waste used as a feedstock. About Loop Industries Loop Industries is a technology company whose mission is to accelerate the world’s shift toward sustainable PET plastic and polyester fiber and away from our dependence on fossil fuels. Loop Industries owns patented and proprietary technology that depolymerizes no and low-value waste PET plastic and polyester fiber, including plastic bottles and packaging, carpets and textiles of any color, transparency or condition and even ocean plastics that have been degraded by the sun and salt, to its base building blocks (monomers). The monomers are filtered, purified and polymerized to create virgin-quality Loop™ branded PET resin suitable for use in food-grade packaging and polyester fiber, thus enabling our customers to meet their sustainability objectives. Loop™ PET plastic and polyester fiber can be recycled infinitely without degradation of quality, successfully closing the plastic loop. Loop Industries is contributing to the global movement towards a circular economy by reducing plastic waste and recovering waste plastic for a sustainable future. Common shares of the Company are listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “LOOP.” For more information, please visit www.loopindustries.com. Follow Loop on X: @loopindustries, Instagram: loopindustries, Facebook: Loop Industries and LinkedIn: Loop Industries About Hyosung TNC Hyosung TNC is a complete sustainable textile solutions provider that produces world-class products, providing continuous innovation to the textile industry. Hyosung is the world’s largest manufacturer of spandex by market share supplying the broadest range of stretch fiber offerings supported by exceptional technology and quality under its CREORA® Spandex and regenTM brands. Hyosung’s specialty nylon and polyester provide functional and sustainable fiber solutions that are essential to today’s dynamic textile market. The company is proud Textile Exchange Partner-level Member and Ocean Network member. Visit our blog at blog.hyosungtnc.com for all the latest trend, event, and product updates. Hyosung can also be found on Instagram @hyosung_textiles and on LinkedIn at Hyosung Performance Textiles. About Pleatsmama PLEATSMAMA: Proposing a Beautiful and Sustainable Way of Life PLEATSMAMA aims to present a lifestyle that is both beautiful and sustainable. By using eco-friendly materials that do not generate waste, the brand crates fashionable products for conscious consumers who care about the environment and themselves. ◇ 효성티앤씨, 루프인더스트리·플리츠마마와 3자 협업 효성티앤씨, 캐나다 페트 칩 생산 기업 루프인더스트리사(社), 국내 에코 패션 브랜드 플리츠마마 3개 회사가 협업해 친환경 가방을 제작했다. 3사는 기존에 주로 사용된 소재인 투명 페트병 대신 폐섬유를 재활용해 페트(PET) 칩을 만들고 폴리에스터 원사를 뽑아낸 데 더해 패션 제품까지 제작함으로써 친환경 솔루션 분야에서 한 발짝 더 앞서가게 됐다. 스위스 러닝화 브랜드 ‘온(On)’, 프랑스 화장품 브랜드 ‘록시땅(L’Occitane)’ 등 유명 브랜드와의 협업을 통해 자원 순환 역량을 강화해온 루프인더스트리는 이번 효성티앤씨와의 협업을 통해 폴리에스터 섬유 생산에도 기여하게 됐다. 루프인더스트리는 북미 지역에서 의류 원사나 플라스틱 용기의 원재료가 되는 페트 칩 개발과 생산을 선도하는 기업이다. 페트 칩의 주요 소재는 투명 페트병이지만, 루프인더스트리는 투명 폐트병 외에 섬유를 포함한 다양한 페트 폐기물을 100% 화학적으로 재활용해 고품질의 페트 칩을 생산한다. 효성티앤씨는 이번에 루프인더스트리가 폐섬유 폴리에스터로 만든 페트 칩, 일명 ‘텍스타일 리사이클(T2T: Textile to Textile)’ 칩을 활용해 폴리에스터 원사를 뽑아냈고, 플리츠마마는 이 원사를 활용해 심미성과 실용성을 겸비한 친환경 가방을 디자인하고 제작했다. ◇ 탄소 저감 효과 큰 T2T 칩으로 생산한 원사로 패션 제품 제작 이번 협업은 탄소 저감 효과가 뛰어난 T2T 재활용 기술을 바탕으로 ‘원료 공급-원사 가공-패션 제품 제작’ 공급망을 완성했다는 점에서 의의가 크다. 막대한 섬유 폐기물을 소각하고 매립하는 과정에서 배출되는 탄소는 전 세계적으로 심각한 골칫거리가 돼 왔다. 루프인더스트리는 폐 폴리에스터를 소각·매립장으로 보내는 대신 높은 품질의 페트 칩으로 재탄생시킴으로써 섬유 폐기물 문제를 완화하는 동시에 글로벌 섬유 산업에 지속 가능한 대안을 제시했다. 루프인더스트리의 T2T 칩은 화석연료에서 생산되는 페트 칩에 비해 온실가스 배출량을 최대 80%, 에너지 소비량을 최대 91% 줄이는 것으로 조사됐다.
    • World
    2025-02-27
  • [25-03-22] WWF, 2025 ‘Earth Hour’ 캠페인
    WWF(세계자연기금)는 오는 3월 22일(토) 저녁 8시 30분부터 9시 30분까지 세계 최대 자연보전 캠페인 ‘어스아워(Earth Hour)’를 진행한다. 올해로 19회를 맞이한 어스아워는 1시간 동안 불필요한 전등을 끄는 상징적인 행동을 통해 기후위기 대응과 자연보전의 중요성을 알리는 글로벌 캠페인이다. 매년 전 세계 180여 개국의 시민들과 주요 랜드마크가 참여하며, 이는 기후위기와 자연 파괴 문제에 대응하려는 전 세계인의 강한 의지를 보여주는 뜻깊은 행사로 자리 잡았다. 한국WWF는 어스아워 캠페인의 일환으로, 일상 속 누구나 자연보전을 위한 행동에 동참할 수 있도록 ‘다크히어로(Dark Hero)’ 프로그램을 운영한다. 지난해 첫선을 보인 다크히어로 프로그램은 약 2500명이 참여해 ‘불 끄고 고양이와 놀기’, ‘불 끄고 꿀잠 자기’ 등 다양한 실천 다짐을 공유하며 어스아워를 기념했다. 올해는 ‘어셈블(Assemble)’ 콘셉트를 적용해, 다크히어로들이 다시 모여 다짐을 넘어 실천 방법을 공유하고 적극적으로 행동에 나설 수 있도록 하는 계기를 마련할 예정이다. 특히 지난해 큰 인기를 모았던 ‘어스아워 시그널’ DIY 세트를 업그레이드해 제공한다. ‘어스아워 시그널’은 어둠 속에서 빛을 이용해 판다와 고래 이미지를 투사할 수 있는 DIY 키트로, 사람들이 쉽고 재미있는 방식으로 어스아워에 동참할 수 있도록 돕는다. 어린이를 위한 ‘리틀 다크히어로’ 프로그램도 함께 운영한다. 어린이들의 눈높이에 맞춰 동물 게임, 환경 퀴즈 등 다양한 교육 자료를 제공하며, 자연보전의 중요성을 재미있게 배울 수 있도록 구성됐다. 이를 통해 미래 세대가 기후위기와 자연보전의 의미를 이해하고 실천할 수 있도록 지원하고자 한다. 어스아워에 대한 자세한 내용은 어스아워 공식 홈페이지(www.earthhour.co.kr)에서 확인할 수 있다.
    • World
    2025-02-27
  • [CCS] SLB Capturi powers up its first modular carbon capture plant
    Global energy technology company SLB (NYSE: SLB) announced today that SLB Capturi has completed commissioning and is handing over its modular carbon capture plant at Twence’s waste-to-energy facility in Hengelo, Netherlands. The new plant has the capacity to capture up to 100,000 metric tons of CO2 per year, which will be used in applications for the horticulture and food and beverage sectors. The carbon capture plant is based on SLB Capturi’s standard, modular Just Catch™ design, which reduces onsite installation and outfitting work — providing a more cost-efficient and easier-to-deploy option compared with other market alternatives. “We are extremely proud of our collaboration with Twence to bring online the first modular carbon capture plant at a waste-to-energy facility,” said Egil Fagerland, chief executive officer, SLB Capturi. “As pressure mounts for industrials to reduce emissions and meet net-zero targets, access to affordable, effective carbon capture technologies is more important than ever. We look forward to continuing our mission to enable access to the capture technologies needed to achieve CO2 emissions reduction impact at scale.” “We are excited to see the successful completion of our new carbon capture plant,” said Marc Kapteijn, chief executive officer, Twence. “This highly innovative and sustainable project was safely realized by a motivated and committed team and through intensive collaboration with SLB Capturi. In the spring, we will supply the first CO2 to the greenhouse horticulture sector. We are convinced that this technology plays a crucial role in our ongoing efforts to reduce carbon emissions and realize our sustainability ambitions.” SLB (NYSE: SLB) is a global technology company that drives energy innovation for a balanced planet. With a global footprint in more than 100 countries and employees representing almost twice as many nationalities, we work each day on innovating oil and gas, delivering digital at scale, decarbonizing industries, and developing and scaling new energy systems that accelerate the energy transition. Find out more at slb.com.
    • 탄소
    • 흡수·제거
    2025-01-27
  • [뇌썩음] ‘Brain rot’ ; Oxford Word of the Year 2024
    '뇌 썩음' ; 옥스포드대 2024년 올해의 단어 '뇌 썩음' : "사람의 정신적 또는 지적 상태가 악화되는 것으로, 특히 사소하거나 도전할 가치가 없는 것으로 여겨지는 자료(현재는 특히 온라인 콘텐츠)를 과도하게 소비한 결과로 여겨지며, 그러한 악화로 이어질 가능성이 있는 것으로 특징지어지는 것"으로 정의된다. 12월 2일 옥스포드대 출판부가 '뇌 썩음'을 '올해의 단어'로 선정했다. '뇌 썩음'은 저급하고 하찮은 온라인 콘텐츠를 과잉 소비한 결과 인간의 정신적 지적 상태가 퇴보하는 현상을 의미한다. '뇌 썩음'은 SNS 과잉 소비 등 가상세계와 관련된 위험성과 사람들이 여가시간을 어떻게 사용하는지에 대한 우려를 담고 있다. '뇌 썩음'이라는 용어가 처음 기록된 것은 1854년 헨리 데이비드 소로의 책 '월든'에서 발견된다. 소로는 사회가 복잡하거나 여러 가지 방식으로 해석될 수 있는 아이디어를 단순한 것으로 선호하여 평가 절하하는 정신적 및 지적 노력의 전반적인 쇠퇴를 나타내는 것이라고 했다. The Oxford Word of the Year for 2024 is ‘brain rot’. Why ‘brain rot’? ‘Brain rot’ is defined as “the supposed deterioration of a person’s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of overconsumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be trivial or unchallenging. Also: something characterized as likely to lead to such deterioration”. Our experts noticed that ‘brain rot’ gained new prominence this year as a term used to capture concerns about the impact of consuming excessive amounts of low-quality online content, especially on social media. The term increased in usage frequency by 230% between 2023 and 2024. The first recorded use of ‘brain rot’ was found in 1854 in Henry David Thoreau’s book Walden, which reports his experiences of living a simple lifestyle in the natural world. As part of his conclusions, Thoreau criticizes society’s tendency to devalue complex ideas, or those that can be interpreted in multiple ways, in favour of simple ones, and sees this as indicative of a general decline in mental and intellectual effort: “While England endeavours to cure the potato rot, will not any endeavour to cure the brain-rot – which prevails so much more widely and fatally?” The term has taken on new significance in the digital age, especially over the past 12 months. Initially gaining traction on social media platform—particularly on TikTok among Gen Z and Gen Alpha communities—’brain rot’ is now seeing more widespread use, such as in mainstream journalism, amidst societal concerns about the negative impact of overconsuming online content. In 2024, ‘brain rot’ is used to describe both the cause and effect of this, referring to low-quality, low-value content found on social media and the internet, as well as the subsequent negative impact that consuming this type of content is perceived to have on an individual or society. It has also been used more specifically and consistently in reference to online culture. Often used in a humorous or self-deprecating manner by online communities, it is strongly associated with certain types of content—including creator Alexey Gerasimov’s viral Skibidi Toilet video series, featuring humanoid toilets, and user-generated ‘only in Ohio’ memes, which reference bizarre incidents in the state. This content has given rise to emerging ‘brain rot language’—such as ‘skibidi’, meaning something nonsensical, and ‘Ohio’, meaning something embarrassing or weird—which reflects a growing trend of words originating in viral online culture before spreading offline into the ‘real world’. Now also gaining momentum is a broader, more serious conversation about the potential negative impact that excessively consuming this content might have on mental health, particularly in children and young people. Earlier this year, a mental health centre in the US even published advice online about how to recognize and avoid ‘brain rot’. * Source : Oxford University Press
    • World
    2024-12-13
  • [COP29] 「제29차 유엔기후변화협약 당사국총회」 주요 결과
    아제르바이잔 바쿠에서 열린 제29차 유엔기후변화협약 당사국총회(COP29)가 예정된 폐막일(11.22.)에서 이틀이 지난 11월 24일 오전 10시 30분(한국 기준, 아제르바이잔 새벽 5시 30분) 경에 폐막하였다. 올해 제29차 유엔기후변화협약 당사국총회는 ‘행동 촉진(Enabling Action), 의욕 증진(Enhancing Ambition)’을 위해, 새로운 기후재원 목표 설정과 국제탄소시장 운영 기반 조성을 주요 과제로 다루었고, 진통 끝에 두 쟁점 모두 타결에 성공했다. 의장국은 신규기후재원목표(NCQG*), 글로벌 적응 목표**, 그리고 샤름-엘셰이크 온실가스 감축작업프로그램***을 묶어 ‘바쿠 기후 통합 서약(Baku Climate Unity Pact)’으로 타결하였다. * New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance ** Global Goal on Adaptation : ①적응역량 강화, ②기후탄력성 제고, ③기후변화 취약성 저감 *** 2030년까지의 감축 의욕 강화 및 이행을 목적으로, 연 2회 전지구적 대화체(Global Dialogue) 및 투자중심행사(Investment-focused Event)를 개최 국제사회의 모든 주체는 2035년까지 연간 1.3조불 이상을 전 세계적 기후 투자로 확대하기 위해 협력하고, 이 중 연간 3,000억불은 선진국 주도로 조성하기로 하였다. 이는 2009년에 타결된 기존 목표인 연간 1,000억불에서 3배로 늘어난 수치이다. 한편, 개도국에 대해서는 남남협력(South-south cooperation) 등을 통한 자발적인 공여를 장려하였다. 국제사회는 이를 기반으로 온실가스 감축, 기후변화 적응 등 전 지구적 기후행동을 강화하여, 파리협정의 목표를 속도감 있게 이행할 수 있기를 기대하고 있다. 파리협정 제6조(국제탄소시장)는 이행규칙 협상 시작 9년 만에 최종합의에 도달하며, 투명하고 건전한 국제탄소시장이 본격적으로 출범할 기반이 마련되었다. 특히, 유엔기후변화협약(UNFCCC) 사무국이 관장하고 민간의 국가간 온실가스 감축활동이 가능한 지속가능발전 메커니즘(Sustainable Development Mechanism)의 완성은 연간 1.3조불 이상의 재원 투자 목표와 연계, 민간기업의 기후변화 대응 참여와 투자를 활성화하는 동력이 될 것으로 기대된다. 온실가스 감축과 관련, ‘샤름엘셰이크 이행계획’으로 출범한 회의체인 온실가스 감축 작업 프로그램(MWP, ’23~‘26) 결정문에서는 올해 논의 주제인 건물과 도시 시스템에 대한 주요 논의 결과가 반영되어, 전 지구적 감축 노력에 지침을 제공하는 진전을 이루었다. 적응과 관련해서는, ‘바쿠 적응 로드맵’이라는 새로운 논의 공간이 창설되었고, 글로벌 적응 목표 평가지표 개발을 위한 ‘지표 작업 프로그램(유에이이-벨름, UAE-Belem)’의 내년 작업 일정 및 지표의 형태 등을 결정문에 포함하며 진전을 보였다. 의장국은 제29차 당사국총회 행동의제로 기후 행동을 촉진하는 14개의 이니셔티브를 발표하였다. 우리 정부는 에너지 저장 및 전력망 서약(Global Energy Storage and Grids Pledge), 수소 행동 이니셔티브(Hydrogen Declaration), 유기성 폐자원 분야 메탄 저감 이니셔티브(Declaration on Reducing Methane from Organic Waste), 기후행동을 위한 물 이니셔티브(Declaration on Water for Climate Action), 그리고 바쿠 글로벌 기후 투명성 플랫폼(Baku Global Climate Transparency Platform, BTP)에 동참하였다. 아울러, 우리 정부대표단은 감축, 재원 등 주요 분야별로 국익을 최대한 반영하면서도 협상 진전에 기여할 수 있도록 협상에 적극 참여하였다. 특히, 파리협정 제6조 논의와 관련하여, 국제감축사업을 촉진할 수 있도록 유연한 태도를 발휘하면서도 제6조의 본 목적이 온실가스 감축, 적응 의욕 강화임을 잊지 않고 협상에 임하였다. 제29차 유엔기후변화협약 당사국총회(COP29) 주요 결과 ■ 신규기후재원조성목표 (New Collective Quantified Goal) 이번 총회에서는 ’25년 이후의 신규 기후재원 목표(NCQG)를 수립하기 위한 논의가 진행되었다. 선진국은 ’09년 총회에서 개도국의 기후변화 대응을 지원하기 위해 ’20년까지 연간 1,000억불을 조성하겠다고 약속한 바 있다. ’21년 총회에서는 목표 기간을 ’25년까지로 연장하며 새로운 목표를 ’24년 총회에서 합의하기로 결정하였으며, 이에 따라 이번 총회에서 본격적으로 협상이 진행되었다. 새로운 목표의 성격에 대한 본질적 이해 차이로 인해 협상 초반부터 선진국과 개도국 간의 첨예한 대립이 이어졌다. 선진국은 새로운 목표가 기존의 목표와는 다른 공공 부문과 민간 부문이 모두 참여하는 전 세계적 기후 행동 투자 목표라는 주장을 펼쳤다, 반면, 개도국은 새로운 목표가 기존 1,000억불 목표를 대체하는, 선진국이 개도국의 기후 행동을 지원하기 위한 목표라는 주장을 고수했다. 이번 총회에서는 타협안으로 다중 목표를 설정하는 결정문을 채택하였다. 먼저, ’35년까지 연간 1.3조불을 목표로 전 세계적 기후 투자를 확대하여 개도국의 기후 행동을 지원하기로 하고, 이를 위해 민간 부문을 포함한 모든 행위주체의 노력을 요청하였다. 또한, 이 목표 중 연간 3,000억불을 선진국 주도로 조성하기로 하였으며, 개도국에 대해서는 남남협력(South-South Cooperation) 등을 통한 자발적인 공여를 장려하는 문구가 포함되었다. 협상 과정에서 한국 정부는 ‘녹색 사다리’로서 선진국과 개도국 간 가교 역할을 수행하기 위해 적극적으로 노력하였다. 한국은 현재 유엔기후변화협약상 재원 공여 의무국은 아니지만, 양자 및 다자 공적개발원조를 통해 개도국의 기후 대응을 지원하며 국제사회의 노력에 자발적으로 동참하고 있다. 특히, 작년에는 녹색기후기금(GCF)에 3억불 추가 공여를 발표했으며, 올해에는 손실과 피해 대응 기금에 7백만불 신규 출연을 공약하는 등 지원 범위를 지속 확대하고 있다. 한국은 앞으로도 개도국의 기후변화 대응을 일관성 있게 지원해 나갈 계획이다. ■ 국제탄소시장 국제탄소시장을 위한 최초의 이행규칙이 합의된 제26차 당사국총회(’21년)를 시작으로 당사국들은 지속적인 논의를 통해 세부 이행규칙을 하나씩 만들어왔다. 작년 제28차 당사국총회에서는 합의에 실패했을 정도로 각국의 이해관계가 첨예하게 대립하였으나, 이제는 국제탄소시장의 기반 마련을 더 이상 미룰 수 없다는 공감대가 확산되며 이행규칙 개발 9년 만에 최종합의에 도달하였다. 주요 내용으로, 국가간 자발적 국제감축 협력사업(제6.2조) 및 국제감축실적(ITMOs)의 허가절차, 당사국 보고내용의 불일치* 식별 및 처리방안, 국제등록부 운영방법 및 추가 기능 등에 대한 추가적인 지침을 마련하였다. * 협력사업의 내용 및 국제감축실적 허가 등에 대한 당사국간 보고내용 또는 6.2조 지침과의 불일치 등 또한, 파리협정 감독기구가 관리하는 제6.4조 메커니즘 운영을 위한 배출 기준선 및 탄소제거 활동 범위에 대한 표준이 합의되었으며, 제6.4조 감축실적(A6.4ER)의 허가절차, 메커니즘 등록부 운영방법 등 추가적인 지침이 완성되었다. 이번 합의를 통해 국가간 자발적 협력사업(6.2조)의 세부절차는 구조적으로 완비되고, 매커니즘(6.4조) 운영표준이 확립됨에 따라 국제탄소시장이 작동할 수 있는 기본조건이 모두 갖춰졌다고 평가된다. 국제사회는 보다 투명하고 공정한 방식으로 전 지구적으로 온실가스를 감축할 수 있는 기후 경제모델을 활용할 준비를 마치고, 이제 출발신호를 기다리고 있다. 국가, 기업, 국제개발은행, 국제기구 등 모든 주체가 기후행동을 촉진하기 위해 국제탄소시장이 핵심 동력으로 작동할 수 있도록 협력을 강화하고 실질적인 행동으로 나아갈 시점이다. 정부는 이번 합의를 기후위기 대응의 중요한 전환점으로 평가하며, 앞으로 실질적인 이행과 협력이 향후 핵심과제가 될 것이라고 강조하였다. ■ 전 지구적 이행점검 (Global Stocktake) 이번 COP29에서는 제1차 전 지구적 이행점검(이하 ‘GST’)* 결과 발표 이후, GST 후속 조치 이행에 관한 절차적 사항을 중심으로 논의를 진행하였다. * 파리협정 제14조에 의거, ‘23년부터 5년마다 파리협정의 장기적 목표 달성을 위한 전 지구적 차원의 노력을 점검 구체적으로 당사국들은 제2차 GST 절차 시작(’26년) 전, GST 이행 절차의 보완 방안을 논의하는 △GST 절차적 요소와 차기 NDC 등 감축적 요소에 관한 논의를 진행하는 △GST 연례 대화체 운영 그리고 향후 방향을 논의하는 △UAE 대화체 운영, 이 세 의제를 중심으로 협상을 진행하였다. GST 절차적 요소 의제의 경우, 당사국의 이견을 좁히지 못하고, ’25.6월 부속기구회의에서 해당 의제에 대한 논의를 이어가기로 하였다. GST 연례 대화체는 ’25년 GST 대화체 운영 지속 여부, 차기 대화체 주제, NDC 종합보고서 활용 여부 등에 대해 당사국 간 첨예한 갈등을 조정하지 못하고, 내년 제7차 파리협정 당사국총회(CMA7)로 논의를 이관하기로 결정하였다. GST 결과 이행을 점검하고 차기 이행 방향 논의를 위한 UAE 대화체는 재원 중심의 논의를 원하는 개도국과 이 대화체에서 에너지전환, 차기 NDC 등 감축에 관한 논의를 원하는 선진국과의 입장 차이를 좁히지 못하고 CMA7에서 계속 논의를 이어가기로 하였다. ■ 감축 (Mitigation) 금번 총회에서는 감축과 관련하여 감축 작업프로그램* 및 국가결정기여(Nationally Determined Contribution, NDC)의 특성**에 대한 추가 지침에 대한 협상이 진행되었다. * 감축 의욕 및 이행의 강화를 위해 제26차 당사국총회(COP26)에서 신설된 작업프로그램으로 2023년부터 2026년까지 운영되며, 별도 대화체(dialogue)를 구성하여 △부문 및 주제별 감축 방안, △기술, △정의로운 전환 등에 대한 의견 공유 ** NDC의 특성은 파리협정 하에서 매 5년마다 당사국이 제출하는 NDC가 갖추어야 할 기본 요건으로 파리협정 제3조와 제4조에서 규정 감축 작업프로그램과 관련한 협상에서는 첫 주에 진행된 부속기구회의(SB61) 논의 결과를 포괄하는 협상문서 초안(a draft negotiating text)의 도출이 무산되는 난항에도 불구하고, 치열한 2주 차 협상을 통해 지난해 도출된 결정문보다 내용적으로 한층 진전된 결정문 도출에 성공하였다. 특히 올해 논의 주제인 “도시: 건물 및 도시 시스템”에 대한 주요 논의 결과를 결정문에 반영함으로써 해당 주제와 관련하여 요구되는 전 지구적 감축 노력에 대해 명확한 지침을 제공하였다. 아울러 감축 행동 강화를 촉진하기 위한 디지털 플랫폼을 동 작업프로그램 하에 신설하는 절차를 마련함으로써 동 작업프로그램을 통해 실질적이고 지속적인 감축 행동 강화를 촉진할 수 있는 발판을 마련하였다. NDC의 특성에 대한 추가 지침과 관련된 협상에서는 추가 지침 개발의 필요성에 대한 당사국 간의 첨예한 입장 차로 인해 결과물 도출이 무산되어, 2026년 제8차 파리협정 당사국총회(CMA8)에서 해당 의제에 대한 논의를 재개하기로 합의하고 관련 논의를 종결하였다. ■ 적응 (Adaptation) 작년 제28차 당사국총회에서 채택된 UAE 글로벌 기후 회복력 체계(United Arab Emirates Framework for Global Climate Resilience)* 아래, 금번 총회에서는 목표치 평가를 위한 지표(indicator) 개발 작업 및 UAE 글로벌 기후 회복력 체계를 이행하는 방식에 대한 논의를 이어갔다. * 글로벌 적응 목표(적응역량 강화, 회복력 증진, 취약성 저감)의 달성을 위해, 정책주기별 목표치를 포함하고 부문별 목표치를 추구하기 위한 노력을 촉구, 전 세계적 적응 행동을 강화하려는 체계 개발도상국은 적응 재원이 부족함을 강조하며 재원 등 이행수단에 대한 평가 지표를 개발해야 한다고 주장한 한편, 선진국은 이에 반대하여 이견이 있었다. 또한, 중국을 포함한 개발도상국 그룹은 글로벌 적응 목표 의제를 상설화하고, 새로운 적응 로드맵을 만들기를 희망하였다. 이와 관련, 선진국은 기존 체계를 활용하자는 미온적인 입장을 보였다. 의견 대립 끝에 글로벌 적응 목표 관련 내용을 상설 의제화하고, ‘바쿠 고위급 적응 대화’를 포함한 ‘바쿠 적응 로드맵’을 설립하는 데 합의했다. 한편, 이행수단(means of implementation)이라는 표현 대신 이행촉진 요소(enablers of implementation)에 관한 지표를 개발하자는 절충안이 채택되었다. 글로벌 적응 목표를 중점적으로 논의할 수 있는 포석이 깔리면서 앞으로 적응과 관련된 논의가 점차 확대될 것으로 예상된다. 아울러, 제도적 조정, 정책, 교육 등 적응 행동의 지원과 관련된 이행촉진 요소와 적응 의제 간 연계가 더욱 강해질 것으로 전망된다. ■ 손실과 피해 (Loss and Damage) 번 총회에서는 손실과 피해 내 바르샤바 국제메커니즘(Warsaw International Mechanism, WIM)*의 2024년 정기검토와 WIM 집행위원회와 산티아고 네트워크**의 공동연차보고서 검토에 대한 협상이 진행되었다. * 기후변화의 부정적인 영향을 받는 개도국의 손실과 피해를 통합적이고 포괄적으로 다루기 위해 설립(COP19, 바르샤바) ** 기후 취약국의 손실과 피해를 방지․최소화·해결하기 위한 기술적 지원 촉진을 목적으로 설립(COP25, 마드리드)되었으며, 이후 사무국 선정(COP28, 두바이) 계속된 회의에서도 선진국과 개도국 협상 그룹은 주요 쟁점*에 대한 의견 차이를 쉽게 좁히지 못해, 결국 결정문에는 운영기구 활동에 대한 형식적인 사의 표현과 제62차 부속기구 회의에서 논의한다는 내용만 담고 회의가 종료되었다. * 산티아고 네트워크 사무국 본부 위치 및 지역 사무소 개설 여부 이번 당사국총회에서 손실과 피해 관련 협상이 큰 진전을 이루지 못함으로써 손실과 피해 내에 조직된 WIM 집행위원회와 산티아고 네트워크, 손실과 피해 기금의 협력 및 상호 보완 방안, WIM의 확장성과 관련한 논의도 ‘25년으로 미뤄지게 되었다. 다만, 기후변화에 대한 손실과 피해에 대한 중요성을 모든 당사국이 인식하고 있는 만큼 기후변화 대응을 위한 노력은 계속될 것으로 예상된다. ■ 투명성 (Transparency) COP29에서 개최된 '글로벌 기후 투명성에 관한 장관급 원탁회의'에서는 격년투명성보고서(BTR*)의 제출 현황을 점검하고, 개도국 지원을 위한 '바쿠 기후 투명성 플랫폼(BTP**)'의 출범을 발표하였다. * Biennial Transparency Report : 모든 당사국이 ’24년부터 격년 주기로 UN에 작성·제출해야 하는 보고서 / 1차 BTR은 2024년 12월 31일까지 의무 제출 ** Baku Global Climate Transparency Platform : COP29 계기 출범한 국가간 상호 신뢰 구축 및 국제 협력 강화를 위한 투명성 증진 플랫폼으로, 당사국들의 투명성 의무 이행 지원이 목적 현재까지 13개국(일본, EU, 아제르바이잔 등)이 BTR을 제출 완료하였으며, 미국, 남아프리카공화국, 뉴질랜드 등 다수 국가가 2024년 말까지 제출을 약속하였다. 특히 이번 회의에서 출범한 바쿠 기후 투명성 플랫폼은 개도국의 역량 강화 지원, 기존 플랫폼과의 협력, 다양한 이해관계자 참여 촉진 등을 통해 파리협정의 효과적 이행을 지원할 예정이다. 한편, 우리나라는 2024년부터 시작되는 BTR 의무제출을 앞두고 증가하는 개도국 측의 역량배양 지원 필요성을 인식하여, 유엔기후변화협약 사무국과 공동으로 투명성 지원 관련 부대행사를 개최하였다. 이를 통해 우리나라는 개도국의 파리협정 이행을 위한 지원을 지속적으로 확대해 나갈 계획임을 밝혔다. ■ 정의로운 전환(Just Transition) 지난해 제27차 총회에서 최초로 출범에 합의한 ‘UAE 정의로운 전환 작업프로그램(UAE JTWP*)’의 실질적인 이행력 강화 방안에 대해 선진국과 개도국 간의 입장이 첨예하게 대립했다. * United Arab Emirates Just Transition Work Programme(UAE JTWP) : 2022년 이집트 샤름 엘 셰이크에서 열린 제27차 유엔기후변화협약 당사국총회(COP27)에서 채택 결정) 대립 끝에 제시된 결정문 초안에서는 정의로운 전환경로와 중장기 국가 기후계획 정책 수립의 연계 및 노동자 재교육, 노동권 등에 대한 고려가 필요하다는 내용이 포함되었다. 하지만, 국제적 협력과 재정적·기술적 지원의 중요성을 강조해온 사우디아라비아, 이란 등 개도국들은 해당 초안이 불균형적임을 지적하였다. 당사국 간 의견이 조정되지 않아 이번 회기에서 UAE 정의로운 전환 작업 프로그램은 합의에 이르지 못했지만, 내년 6월 제62차 이행부속기구회의에서 논의를 지속할 예정이다. ■ 기술지원(Technology Development and Transfer) 지난 제28차 당사국총회에서 확정된 제1차 전지구적 이행점검(Global Stocktake, GST) 결과에 따라 국가 간 기술이전 확대를 목표로 ‘기술이행프로그램(Technology Implementation Programme, TIP)’을 설립하기 위한 논의가 시작되었다. 기후변화대응을 위한 개도국 대상 기후기술 지원을 강화한다는 프로그램 설립 목적에는 합의하였으나, 구체적인 내용과 재원 조달 방식에서 합의에 이르지 못하였다. 프로그램 설계를 위해 지난 2008년부터 운영되어 온 ‘기술이전에 대한 포즈난 전략 프로그램*’의 그간 성과를 분석한 종합평가보고서를 작성하고, 이를 토대로 내년 30차 당사국총회에서 논의를 지속하기로 하였다. * 개도국의 기후변화대응을 위한 기술수요평가, 민간투자 확대, 과학기술 확산을 지원하고자 2008년부터 지구환경기금(GEF)이 운영하는 5천만불 규모의 기술지원 프로그램 한편, 유엔기후변화협약 이행을 위한 기술메커니즘*과 재정메커니즘 간 연계 방안 역시 당사국 간의 의견 차로 합의에 이르지 못하고 내년에 논의를 지속하기로 하였다. 이와 더불어 오는 30차 당사국총회에서는 기술메커니즘 기구인 기후기술센터 네트워크(Climate Technology Centre & Network, CTCN)의 그간 성과를 점검하고 향후 운영방안에 대해 논의를 시작할 예정이다. 우리 정부는 CTCN 대한민국 협력연락사무소를 설립하고, 기후변화 대응을 위한 기술협력에 동참하고 있는 만큼 국가 간 기술개발․이전이 확대될 수 있도록 향후 논의에 적극 참여할 예정이다. * 국가 간 기술협력의 정책적 방향을 결정하는 기술집행위원회(Technology Executive Committee, TEC)와 실질적인 기술협력 사업 이행 기구인 기후기술센터네트워크(Climate Technology Centre & Network, CTCN)로 구성 * 자료 : 환경부
    • 기후
    2024-11-25
  • [UN] Emissions Gap Report 2024 : No More Hot Air
    Nations must close huge emissions gap in new climate pledges and deliver immediate action, or 1.5°C lost Cali/Nairobi, 24 October 2024 – Nations must collectively commit to cutting 42 per cent off annual greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and 57 per cent by 2035 in the next round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) – and back this up with rapid action – or the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C goal will be gone within a few years, according to a new UN Environment Programme (UNEP) report. Updated NDCs are to be submitted early next year ahead of the COP30 climate talks in Brazil. UNEP’s Emissions Gap Report 2024: No more hot air … please! finds that a failure to increase ambition in these new NDCs and start delivering immediately would put the world on course for a temperature increase of 2.6-3.1°C over the course of this century. This would bring debilitating impacts to people, planet and economies. The 2.6°C scenario is based on the full implementation of current unconditional and conditional NDCs. Implementing only current unconditional NDCs would lead to 2.8°C of warming. Continuing with current policies only would lead to 3.1°C of warming. Under these scenarios – which all operate on a probability of over 66 per cent – temperatures would continue to rise into the next century. Adding additional net-zero pledges to full implementation of unconditional and conditional NDCs could limit global warming to 1.9°C, but there is currently low confidence in the implementation of these net-zero pledges. “The emissions gap is not an abstract notion,” said António Guterres, UN Secretary-General, in a video message on the report. “There is a direct link between increasing emissions and increasingly frequent and intense climate disasters. Around the world, people are paying a terrible price. Record emissions mean record sea temperatures supercharging monster hurricanes; record heat is turning forests into tinder boxes and cities into saunas; record rains are resulting in biblical floods. “Today’s Emissions Gap report is clear: we’re playing with fire; but there can be no more playing for time. We’re out of time. Closing the emissions gap means closing the ambition gap, the implementation gap, and the finance gap. Starting at COP29.” The report also looks at what it would take to get on track to limiting global warming to below 2°C. For this pathway, emissions must fall 28 per cent by 2030 and 37 per cent from 2019 levels by 2035 – the new milestone year to be included in the next NDCs. “Climate crunch time is here. We need global mobilization on a scale and pace never seen before – starting right now, before the next round of climate pledges – or the 1.5°C goal will soon be dead and well below 2°C will take its place in the intensive care unit,” said Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP. “I urge every nation: no more hot air, please. Use the upcoming COP29 talks in Baku, Azerbaijan, to increase action now, set the stage for stronger NDCs, and then go all-out to get on a 1.5°C pathway. “Even if the world overshoots 1.5°C – and the chances of this happening are increasing every day – we must keep striving for a net-zero, sustainable and prosperous world. Every fraction of a degree avoided counts in terms of lives saved, economies protected, damages avoided, biodiversity conserved and the ability to rapidly bring down any temperature overshoot.” The consequences of delayed action are also highlighted by the report. The cuts required are relative to 2019 levels, but greenhouse gas emissions have since grown to a record high of 57.1 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2023. While this makes a marginal difference to the overall cuts required from 2019-2030, the delay in action means that 7.5 per cent must be shaved off emissions every year until 2035 for 1.5°C, and 4 per cent for 2°C. The size of the annual cuts required will increase with every year’s delay. 1.5°C still technically possible, but massive effort needed The report shows that there is technical potential for emissions cuts in 2030 up to 31 gigatons of CO2 equivalent – which is around 52 per cent of emissions in 2023 – and 41 gigatons in 2035. This would bridge the gap to 1.5°C in both years, at a cost below US$200 per ton of CO2 equivalent. Increased deployment of solar photovoltaic technologies and wind energy could deliver 27 per cent of the total reduction potential in 2030 and 38 per cent in 2035. Action on forests could deliver around 20 per cent of the potential in both years. Other strong options include efficiency measures, electrification and fuel switching in the buildings, transport and industry sectors. This potential illustrates it is possible to meet the COP28 targets of tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030, doubling the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030, transitioning away from fossil fuels, and conserving, protecting and restoring nature and ecosystems. However, delivering on even some of this potential will require unprecedented international mobilization and a whole-of-government approach, focusing on measures that maximize socioeconomic and environmental co-benefits and minimize trade-offs. A minimum six-fold increase in mitigation investment is needed for net-zero – backed by reform of the global financial architecture, strong private sector action and international cooperation. This is affordable: the estimated incremental investment for net-zero is US$0.9-2.1 trillion per year from 2021 to 2050 – investments that would bring returns in avoided costs from climate change, air pollution, damage to nature and human health impacts. For context, the global economy and financial markets are worth US$110 trillion per year. The G20 members, responsible for the bulk of total emissions, must do the heavy lifting. However, this group is still off track to meet even current NDCs. The largest-emitting members will need to take the lead by dramatically increasing action and ambition now and in the new pledges. G20 members, minus the African Union, accounted for 77 per cent of emissions in 2023. The addition of the African Union as a permanent G20 member, which more than doubles the number of countries represented from 44 to 99, brings the share up by only 5 per cent to 82 per cent – highlighting the need for differentiated responsibilities between nations. Stronger international support and enhanced climate finance will be essential to ensure that climate and development goals can be realized fairly across G20 members and globally. Good NDC design crucial The report also lays out how to ensure the updated NDCs are well-designed, specific and transparent so they can meet any new targets put in place. NDCs must include all gases listed in the Kyoto Protocol, cover all sectors, set specific targets, be explicit about conditional and unconditional elements and provide transparency around how the submission reflects a fair share of effort and the highest possible ambition. They must also detail how national sustainable development goals can be achieved at the same time as efforts to reduce emissions, and include detailed implementation plans with mechanisms for review and accountability. For emerging market and developing economies, NDCs should include details on the international support and finance they need.
    • World
    2024-10-25
  • [CCS] Svante to finance US$100 Million from CGF
    Canada Growth Fund Inc. (“CGF”) and Svante Technologies Inc. (“Svante” or the “Company”), a leading global carbon capture and removal solutions provider headquartered in Vancouver, Canada, announced today a financing commitment of up to US$100 million to accelerate the development and construction of Svante’s commercial carbon capture and removal projects in Canada and the US. CGF has a mandate to invest in Canadian clean technology businesses that are scaling technologies currently in the commercialization stage of development. Svante is a leading developer of carbon capture and removal technology, with significant potential to accelerate emissions reductions in hard-to-abate sectors worldwide. CGF’s investment enables the Company to focus on its first-of-a-kind (FOAK) deployment opportunities and will encourage the business to prioritize opportunities in its Canadian pipeline. CGF’s capital is supporting ongoing Canadian operations and will encourage Svante to accelerate the delivery of projects domestically and internationally, leveraging their Canadian IP and manufacturing capabilities. CGF will fund its investment in two tranches: (i) an initial tranche of US$50 million will be used to accelerate and de-risk FOAK commercial projects currently underway and (ii) a potential second tranche expected to be tied to project-specific requirements to match Svante’s capital needs for the development and construction of projects alongside the Company’s co-development partners. Transaction Highlights · CGF will invest up to US$100M in Svante via convertible note(s), aimed at advancing the development of Svante’s innovative carbon capture technology. · The investment will be made in two tranches: the first tranche of US$50M will be disbursed immediately, and the second tranche of US$50M can be drawn for the development and construction of carbon capture projects with a focus on Canadian projects, subject to approval by both organizations. · Svante is constructing a 141,000 sq. ft. facility in Burnaby, BC, Canada, which will produce filters capable of capturing 10 million tonnes of CO2 annually and serve as the company’s global headquarters and R&D center. · The proceeds from the first investment tranche will be utilized for commercial development and FOAK project funding. · This investment aligns with CGF's mandate by supporting a leading Canadian cleantech company, protecting Canadian IP and jobs, and encouraging the development of Canadian projects and innovation activities. · The investment will accelerate the deployment of Svante’s innovative carbon capture technology, which has the potential to significantly reduce global CO2 emissions. · This investment marks CGF’s first venture in British Columbia, supporting local jobs in the province and diversifying its investment portfolio. · The market for carbon capture and sequestration, and carbon removals, is expanding, with supportive regulations in place in Canada, the USA, and Europe, highlighting the growing demand for emissions reduction and removal technologies. CGF is a $15 billion arm’s length public investment vehicle that helps attract private capital to build Canada’s clean economy by using investment instruments that absorb certain risks, in order to encourage private investment in low carbon projects, technologies, businesses, and supply chains. CGF makes strategic investments to help Canada meet the following national economic and climate policy goals: a. reduce emissions and achieve Canada’s climate targets; b. accelerate the deployment of key technologies, such as low-carbon hydrogen and CCS; c. scale-up companies that will create jobs, drive productivity and clean growth across new and traditional sectors of Canada’s industrial base; d. encourage the retention of intellectual property in Canada; and e. capitalize on Canada’s abundance of natural resources and strengthen critical supply chains to secure Canada’s future economic and environmental well-being. Further information on CGF’s mandate, strategic objectives, investment selection criteria, scope of investment activities, and range of investment instruments can be found on www.cgf-fcc.ca. In Budget 2023, the Government of Canada announced that PSP Investments, through a wholly owned subsidiary, would act as investment manager for CGF. CGF Investment Management has been incorporated to act as the independent and exclusive investment manager of CGF.
    • World
    2024-08-19
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